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As of 2025, prices range from $0. 86 per watt-hour (Wh) for utility-scale projects, while residential systems hover around $1,000–$1,500 per kWh . But wait—why the wild variation? Let's dive deeper.
Whether you're integrating batteries, inverters, BMS, or connecting to SCADA and cloud platforms, here's how IEC104, OPC UA, and MQTT compare for modern ESS communication. ⚡ IEC 60870-5-104 (IEC104) ☁️ MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) 🔧 So, which protocol should you choose.